SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

• FLAT GRATE
  • They are manually loaded combustion system, where all kind of coal and solid fuels can be used.
  • Capital cost of flat grate are lower than other solid combustion system.
  • Flat grates are choice usually with hot water boilers and small-size plant.
  • Combustion efficiency is lower than other systems. The staff is directly influential onto the efficiency.

• INCLINED GRATE
  • This is the part of the combustion systems where fuel is loaded by conveyor system automatically for the combustion of coal and industrial fuels.
  • The fuel is fed by grating inclination automatically.
  • The ashes and slag may be taken out by conveyors.
  • Generally, inclined grates are preferred in combustion of the industrial plant wastes.
  • Its operational features and procedures are simple. No expert is necessary for running the system.
  • Grating surface, inclination and air hole sizes may change according to type and calorific value of fuel and operational conditions.
  • Combustion efficiency of inclined grating is high, when good designed according to capacity and type of fuel used.

• STOKER
  • Stoker efficiency is very high because combustion is became from top to bottom.
  • Stokers are excellent combustion system for high calorific coals and the homogenized industrial wastes.
  • Grating surfaces aren’t excessively heated as it is the case for its equivalents, due to removal of burned particles from grating surface. Therefore, grating temperature is kept low, so long as operational integrity is obtained.
  • Stokers are considered as semi-automated combustion systems.

• CHAIN GRATE
  • Chain grate is used for combustion of any kind and size coal, except high dust content and featuring pre-combustion pitching.
  • The design of the grate should consider the risk of deformation since coals with high calorific value induces distortion.
  • Combustion temperature drops and combustion might be interrupted when low-calorie coal is used. It is therefore necessary to provide radiation surface with refractor materials to maintain the combustion temperature.
  • The grate is obtained coal from coal feed bunker and fired coal and then generated ashes dumped to the ashtray.
  • During the operation of the chain grate, upper buckles of the chain heat while lower chain buckles cool under the influence of the combustion air.
  • The ash is taken out of the ash conveyor.
  • The combustion on the grate is quiet by means of its too much air gaps.
  • Combustion air is provided under forced ventilation from the bottom of the grate that is composed of the sections for efficient combustion.
  • Chain grate combustion system can be with full automation.